1、考研英语（一）模拟试卷 169 及答案与解析一、Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 0 When Prince Georges County States Attorney Angela D. Alsobrooks joined the county prosecutors office in 1997 , she was the first f
2、ull-time attorney to handle cases of domestic violence. So【B1】_family violence has always been a priority for her. But the【B2】_in recent years in homicides linked to domestic matters【B3】 _those involving childrenhas raised her attention. Her latest initiative:【B4】_of a special unit within her office
3、【B5】_to cases of domestic abuse and violence.“This unit, will go a long way【B6】_helping us identify victims earlier in the criminal justice process and link the family members with necessary services.【B7】_, for example, when handling a case of a woman who has been beaten, if they discover there is a
4、lso abuse involving a child, investigators dont have to【B8 】_the case to another team but can【B9】_both prosecution and provision of services.The drop in Prince Georges of stranger-on-stranger crime has brought into focus the【B10】_of domestic violence. Particularly horrific in driving home the【B11】_o
5、f this issue was last summers murder of 3 -year-old Laila Miller. Authorities said she was shot and stabbed by her father after he took a photo of the two of them; he then【B12】_in a gun battle with police in which he was killed.Such crimes【B13】_the states attorneys office to this year hold a trainin
6、g session aimed【B14 】_educating church leaders on how to【B15 】_domestic violence issues before they escalate. 【B16】_also undertook a public information campaign targeting【B17】_abusers and letting children know about the need to report violence in the home. In October, the Circuit Court for Prince Ge
7、orges is set to open a Family Justice Center that will【B18 】_the public and private services for victims of domestic violence. Making it easier for families to get the help they need has proven to be【B19】_in preventing violence, so good for Prince Georges for taking these steps in the right【B20】_1 【
8、B1 】（A）undertaking（B） dealing（C） tackling（D）opposing2 【B2 】（A）decline（B） spike（C） drop（D）boost3 【B3 】（A）surprisingly（B） naturally（C） particularly（D）doubly4 【B4 】（A）creation（B） production（C） achievement（D）procreation5 【B5 】（A）charged（B） devoted（C） adapted（D）related6 【B6 】（A）to（B） towards（C） against（D
9、）in7 【B7 】（A）Therefore（B） However（C） Furthermore（D）Nonetheless8 【B8 】（A）give（B） move（C） deliver（D）refer9 【B9 】（A）coordinate（B） combine（C） connect（D）arrange10 【B10 】（A）endurance（B） persistence（C） stubbornness（D）resolution11 【B11 】（A）urgency（B） necessity（C） desperation（D）emergency12 【B12 】（A）engaged（B
10、） participated（C） started（D）launched13 【B13 】（A）encouraged（B） induced（C） prompted（D）caused14 【B14 】（A）to（B） at（C） with（D）by15 【B15 】（A）deal with（B） involve into（C） nail down（D）suffer from16 【B16 】（A）They（B） We（C） It（D）I17 【B17 】（A）violent（B） future（C） potential（D）hidden18 【B18 】（A）solidify（B） stiffe
11、n（C） concentrate（D）consolidate19 【B19 】（A）efficient（B） sufficient（C） effective（D）effectual20 【B20 】（A）route（B） course（C） path（D）directionPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)20 U.S. employers are anticipating a ris
12、e in workplace discrimination claims based on their own hiring policies. Employment law firm Littler Mendelson asked 500 representatives of companies with both small and large market capitalizations about their deepest legal anxieties this year. Fifty-seven percent said they expected an increase in
13、discrimination claims because of their interest in an applicants criminal historythe companies top concern when asked about the enforcement efforts of the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission(EEOC).A growing number of states have adopted laws that prevent employers from asking on job applications
14、 whether applicants have a criminal record. Thirty percent of the employers surveyed by Littler Mendelson said they had removed such questions from their applications. An additional 40 percent said they are hiring contractors to do background checks for them. The report suggested that this strategy
15、may be risky because people are filing a growing number of lawsuits tied to third-party investigations of criminal history and seeking class action status. “This trend will not slow down soon,“ the report said.Still, this years respondents were less likely than last years to say that they expect an
16、increase in over discrimination claims.The employers second-biggest concern is potential claims over equal pay and the treatment of workers based on their sexuality, age, and disabilities. Employers seemed especially confused as to how to run employee wellness programs without getting into trouble f
17、or discriminating against disabled people.The programs generally offer incentives to employees who hit health or fitness benchmarks and are encouraged by the Affordable Care Act. Recently, the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission sued several companies for programs that it charged were unfair to
18、workers with disabilities. Overall, companies said they were having fewer problems with the new health-care law than in previous years; one-third said they were anxious about implementing Obamacare, down from 64 percent in 2012.The timing of the survey may have played a role in employers concerns. T
19、he poll was conducted in April and May, when the Supreme Court hadnt yet ruled in favor of gay marriage. Forty-seven percent of companies said they already had rules protecting lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender workers, but 20 percent said they were either waiting on the courts decision to exp
20、and their regulations or had no policies in place.Getting nailed by the National Labor Relations Board for the working conditions of subcontractors is a further concern. As federal and state authorities continue to scrutinize company decisions as to who counts as an employee, most employers surveyed
21、 said they had taken some action to mitigate potential legal challenges, such as auditing independent contractors. Thirty percent said they had made no changes to policies.A growing share of C-suite executives and human resources professionals17 percentsaid they expected to “hire aggressively“ this
22、year. Compared with previous years, companies were also less likely to say they had unhappy employees staying in their jobs because there were no alternatives, or that people were stuck in jobs that didnt make good use of their skills.21 Why did 57% of the companies expect an increase in discriminat
23、ion claims?（A）Because they cared about the enforcement efforts of EEOC.（B） Because the EEOC cared most about the applicants criminal history.（C） Because large companies cared more about the criminal record of their applicants.（D）Because they cared about their applicants criminal record.22 How do the
24、 additional 40% of the employers feel about the criminal history of their applicants?（A）They think the criminal history of their applicants is not very important.（B） They are still interested in whether their applicants have committed crimes or not.（C） They feel it is risky to do background checks f
25、or their applicants.（D）They are not in favor of asking applicants criminal record on job applications.23 Why are employers confused about how to run employee wellness programs?（A）Because they are likely to discriminate against the disabled in running the programs.（B） Because they feared of being tro
26、ubled for discriminating against mentally disabled people.（C） Because it is hard for them to satisfy women, the old and the disabled.（D）Because disabled people may do as well as normal people.24 It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that “Obamacare“ _.（A）is against employee wellness programs（B） causes
27、 more anxiety this year than in 2012（C） is the new health-care law mentioned in the same sentence（D）is favored by most of the companies surveyed25 In face of potential legal challenges, _.（A）most of the companies have taken legal action to mitigate potential challenges（B） one third of the companies
28、said they had not changed their policies（C） most of the companies have taken measures to avoid potential legal challenges（D）47% of companies had rules protecting lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender workers25 If you cant tell a smile from a scowl, youre probably not getting enough sleep. “ Recogn
29、izing the emotional expressions of someone else changes everything about whether or not you decide to interact with them, and in return, whether they interact with you,“ said study senior author Matthew Walker, a professor of psychology and neuroscience at UC Berkeley. The findings were published to
30、day in the Journal of Neuroscience. “These findings are especially worrying considering that two-thirds of people in the developed nations fail to get sufficient sleep,“ Walker added.Indeed, the results do not bode well for countless sleep-starved groups, said study lead author Andrea Goldstein-Piek
31、arski, a postdoctoral fellow at Stanford University, who started the study as a Ph. D. student at UC Berkeley. “ Consider the implications for students pulling all-nighters, emergency-room medical staff, military fighters in war zones and police officers on graveyard shifts,“ she said.For the experi
32、ment, 18 healthy young adults viewed 70 facial expressions that ranged from friendly to threatening, once after a full night of sleep, and once after 24 hours of being awake. Researchers scanned participants brains and measured their heart rates as they looked at the series of visages.Brain scans as
33、 they carried out these tasksgenerated through functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging(fMRI)revealed that the sleep-deprived brains could not distinguish between threatening and friendly faces, especially in the emotion-sensing regions of the brains anterior insula and anterior cingu-late cortex. Addi
34、tionally, the heart rates of sleep-deprived study participants did not respond normally to threatening or friendly facial expressions. Moreover, researchers found a disconnection in the neural link between the brain and heart that typically enables the body to sense distress signals. “Sleep deprivat
35、ion appears to dislocate the body from the brain,“ said Walker. “ You cant follow your heart. “ As a consequence, study participants interpreted more faces, even the friendly or neutral ones, as threatening when sleep-deprived.“They failed our emotional Rorschach test,“ Walker said. “Insufficient sl
36、eep removes the rose tint to our emotional world, causing an overestimation of threat. This may explain why people who report getting too little sleep are less social and more lonely. “On a more positive note, researchers recorded the electrical brain activity of the participants during their full n
37、ight of sleep, and found that their quality of Rapid Eye Movement(REM)or dream sleep correlated with their ability to accurately read facial expressions. Previous research by Walker has found that REM sleep serves to reduce stress neurochemicals and soften painful memories. “The better the quality o
38、f dream sleep, the more accurate the brain and body was at differentiating between facial expressions ,“ Walker said. “ Dream sleep appears to reset the magnetic north of our emotional compass. This study provides yet more proof of our essential need for sleep. “26 According to Matthew Walker, which
39、 of the following cannot be inferred from the findings?（A）Insufficient sleep will hinder a person from having a good interpersonal relationship.（B） People from developed countries tend more easily to take friends as foes than people from developing countries.（C） When you get not enough sleep recentl
40、y, your heart rates become abnormal to recognize friendly faces.（D）REM sleep tends to help people get relieved from their painful memories.27 Who is more susceptible to mixing threatening and friendly faces?（A）A police officer on duty.（B） A surgeon having performed an operation.（C） A student overloa
41、ded by homework.（D）A healthy young adult being awake for a whole night.28 According to the result of the experiment, the sleep-deprived participants tend to recognize friendly faces as threatening due to the following except that_.（A）Their brains will malfunction in the regions of anterior insula an
42、d anterior cingulate cortex（B） Their heart rates do not respond to the order of brain about the facial expression（C） The brains emotional sensing region is aggressive to the neutral face and takes it as threatening（D）The body cannot receive the emotional signals from the brain because the neutral li
43、nk is disconnected29 The rose tint may_.（A）make peoples mind full of fancy（B） make people less sociable（C） overestimate the threat（D）ease down the outside threatening30 Which of the following is NOT true about the “dream sleep“?（A）It is a necessity for ensuring the correct emotional judgement.（B） It
44、 can promote the connection of body and brain in reading facial expressions.（C） It can help reduce the stress of cerebral nerve.（D）It can get high quality when long-time sleep is ensured.30 Three tobacco companies are appealing against a “historic“ decision by a Canadian court to award smokers C $ 1
45、5.6bn( 8.2bn)in damages.Quebec superior court justice Brian Riordan said the companies had put profits before the health of their customers, as he issued his long-awaited decision in what is thought to be Canadas largest class-action lawsuit.Bruce Johnston, a lawyer with one of the firms that took o
46、n the tobacco companies, called the ruling “historicnot just for the compensation for victims but also for public health and accountability“.More than a million smokers and former smokers in Quebec were seeking damages, on the grounds that the companies knew they were selling a harmful product but c
47、oncealed the risks. The case covered two groups of plaintiffs: those who became seriously ill from smoking and those who said they could not quit.Riordan found for the plaintiffs in a scathing judgment against three tobacco companiesImperial Tobacco Canada, a subsidiary of British American Tobacco;
48、Rothmans, Benson and JTI Macdonald Ltd, part of Japan Tobacco.“The companies earned billions of dollars at the expense of the lungs, the throats and the general well-being of their customers,“ he wrote in a 276-page judgment. “If the companies are allowed to walk away unscathed now, what would be th
49、e message to other industries that today or tomorrow find themselves in a similar moral conflict?“One of the lawsuits was brought by Jean-Yves Blais, who died of lung cancer in 2012 aged 68. At a press conference in Montreal, his widow urged people to quit smoking. “ Your health is completely lost,“ said Lise Blaise, carrying photos of her late husband.Although the cases were launched in 1998, the trial did not begin until March
